Can children be historical actors? The proposition that children have historical agency has been a rallying cry for many historians of childhood who seek to recover the voices and actions of young people in the past, arguing that their history is analogous to that of other disenfranchised and marginalized groups and must be recovered in the same way. Sarah Maza’s talk challenges this agenda by proposing that children are in fact profoundly different from any other group of past actors. It then goes on to describe a remarkable set of recent works that suggest a renewal of the general area of “children in history” but approach the topic very differently from traditional social histories, writing history not “of childhood” but “through childhood.” This trend, she suggests, has implications for all fields of history.